At the end of of the last section, we introduced the
string data-type as being an argument to the print function.
Two of the most basic data types in Python are strings and numbers.
Valid numbers like 10, 0.001, and 1E6 (a million in scientific notation) are all
treated in the same way by Python.
Numbers can be operated on using standard arithmetic like
40 + 2 (= 42)102 - 1 (= 101)2 * 3 (= 6)3/2 (=1.5)3**2 (=9)Jargon
Unlike “statically typed” languages like C++ and Java, number data storage in Python is handled automatically and conversions done as needed.
For example
10will be stored internally as anint, but1/10will result in0.1(float) while10+1will result in11(int).
Write a script (name the file exercise_calculator.py)
to output the result of the following operations:
Use the script from exercise_hello_world as a template.
If you copy and paste the print function line a few times,
you can replace the string with the numerical expressions in the question text.
You could use something like
print(1/2323999)
print(2382 * 121987)
print(2**256)
Your script should output the numbers:
4.3029278411909814e-07
290573034
115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007913129639936
In addition to standard algorithmic operators in the previous section, you can perform comparisons on numerical data resulting in Boolean (True/False) results, such as
== Equal : 4==5 results in False> Greater than : 2 > 3 results in False< Less than : 2 < 3 results in Trueas well as >= (greater than or equal), <= (less than or equal), and != (not equal).
Booleans:
True&FalseHere we introduced a new data type - the boolean (aka
bool).Boolean data is converted to 0 and 1 when performing any kind of arithmetic, e.g.
True + Falsegives1True/10gives 0.1Booleans can be thought of as being a sub-type of numerical data - where only 0 and 1 are represented.
The term string is roughly speaking short for a string of characters, i.e. text. String data is enclosed in single or double quotes; the following are all valid Python strings
'I am a string'
"I'm a string too" (A double-quoted string can contain single quotes and vice-versa)
"""
And python accepts multi-line strings enclosed in
triple quotes...(more on me in a while!)
"""
Strings are one of the most basic “sequence” data types; we’ll encounter a few more in the next section.
To access individual characters in a string, we use index notation, which is represented using square brackets, [ ].
For example, to access the second character of a string we can use
"abcdefg"[1]
which gives access to the character “b”. This is because Python uses
zero-indexing meaning that the first element is accessed using [0],
as do most programming languages (a notable exception being Matlab,
which uses 1-indexing, i.e. the first element is 1, not 0).
If instead of accessing a single character we want to access a range of characters,
for example the first five characters in the string "Hello, world", we
use what is called slice indexing:
"Hello, world"[0:5]
returns "Hello".
The syntax for slice indexing is [START_INDEX : END_INDEX_PLUS_ONE], e.g.
if instead we had wanted the fifth to the eighth characters (inclusive) we would use
"Hello, world"[4:8]
which returns "o, w"
By default, the START_INDEX is 0, and the END_INDEX_PLUS_ONE is the length of the string,
so we could have written
"Hello, world"[0:5]
as
"Hello, world"[:5]
Both return "Hello".
Lastly, a really handy indexing feature is negative indexing; the last character of a string is accessible using -1, the second last as -2, and so on. Negative indices can also be used as part of a slice, e.g. to access the last 5 characters we can use
"Hello, world"[-5:]
which returns "world".
There are a range of operations that can be performed with Strings.
These include some translations of the arithmetic operations:
"Hello " + "world" (= “Hello world”)as well as functions known as member functions which can be accessed using dot-notation, e.g.
"Hello, world".find("wo") (=7, the index at
which the string “wo” starts)"Hello, world".replace("w", "W")
( results in “Hello, World” - i.e. replaced “w” with “W”)"Hello, world".endswith("Dog") (results in False`,
because the string does not end in “Dog”)The full list of member functions is:
capitalize endswith index isidentifier istitle lstrip rindex split title
casefold expandtabs isalnum islower isupper maketrans rjust splitlines translate
center find isalpha isnumeric join partition rpartition startswith upper
count format isdecimal isprintable ljust replace rsplit strip zfill
encode format_map isdigit isspace lower rfind rstrip swapcase
More details on all of these methods can be found here.
Write a script (name the file exercise_strings.py)
to count the number of occurrences of the character “A”,
and also the number of occurrences of the sequence “AT” in the following
string of text (tip: carefully double-click on the
string to select the whole line, copy, and paste
the string directly into the file).
'CGCCAATGCGGCAAGGATATGCGAAGTCTGGACTAATTCGGCTGACGTGTCCCTGCTTAGTGGTCTTCCACACTTGCGGATTCAGCCGTAAGTGGCGTATACCTCGTGAGTGCACAAGGCAGATGTGACCTACCGGGGTTTTATCATTAGACTTTTGGGGTGAGCCGGATGACCGATCGAAGCCCGAGTGCAATTGTCTCTCTCGAACGAAGAACGGAGGAGAAAACGTGTGTGGGGGCCTACCGCCATGCACAAACTAGACTGTCACTAAAACCGTGAAGCTACGCTGGCCTCCAGGCGGTATAAACCTTTCGATGTTAACAAGCAAAGAACCAATTCGCGTGAGTAGGCGGGCGTATGGCCCCACGAGCCTTGCACTTGTTTTCGAAATGAATCAGGACGCCTAATTATCAGAGGGAGGAGAAATGAGGCCAGCCAGCGACACTGGTCAAGGTACGGGCGGTCGCTAGTGCCCAACCAAAGGTAAGTTATTGCGATGGTCCAAAAGAAGGCACGTGTGGATACACTCGTTTATGAACGTTTCTACGGCAGATCAGGCCGACCTTCGATAATAACAAGCGGCGGGACGCACGACGGGACTCGCTGTCGGTCAGCTATGGCCATTCCTCGTAGGAGCCGCATCTATCTCGAACTAATTGATAGTTTGGTGTAAGTCCCCTCAGGTGTCACGCAACGAAGATGCGCTGAAGATTACTTTCGCACGGGTCACACGGAAGGAGTACTGTAGGGCGGAAGAGCACCGACTGAGGCCACAATCTCGAAGTACTGTGCTTTCGCTCTAACTCGGCTTACCCGTCTACCTGTCGCCTCCCTAGATCCAAATTGAATCCGCCCCCCGTGCTCTGTGACCCAGGACGTATACGGCGTTTAGGTTGTCCACAGCTAAAAACCAGAAAGCGACCGAGTGTATTCGAAATTTCGGTGGACCTTTCAACCTATAGGTCTTGTCGAATTCACTTGGGAGAACAACGCATGAAATTTGACGGATCGTGCACGTGATATAATGGGACTGCTTAATTGCGCCCCATTTTGGGAGCGCATTTGAACGCAAGCTCTGGGTCCCGCTATATATTAAGAAAAGTATGAAACGTTGTTACCATATCCGCACACTGGGATAGGTACGCAGATTTGTACTTGTATGCGTAACTGATTTTTCCCCTGACGGAGGGTCCGTTCCTCTGAGCCCCCGTCGTGCGATCCTGGGTGGCCACGTCTAAGCTGTCGCGAGCGAACATTATTTATGTTTATCTGCCAGACGAGCTTTGCCTACTTTCGAGGGGATGAAATTTAATTAAGCGATTTGAATATAAGGGGGTTTCATATGCCTAGATTACCTAGTGCGTTTATACAACTATGGTGAATAGAGGAGCAGTCCGAGTTAGAGGACAAACACTTTCGCAGGTGGCAAGTCGCACTAGCGAGTTGATTACGGACCACGAGGTATATTCAGGACATCAATTTTCCTGGGGGGATCATCTCCTCTTACTGTAGCAGCTTTTTTCTCTCCCTGCGGATTCAAAGCCCTTGTTCTGTCGCTGCCATTTAAAGGGAAAGGACTCGGAAGAACAGGTTCAGAGATTGGCAAAGACGGTCTTCTGTGCACTTTGATCATTGTGGCTTGAGGCGGGAGACACGAACGGCGCTAGCGACTCTCATCTACCAGCCTATTATATCCGCTCCCCTGGTTGAGTAAATACCTAATAAGGACTTTTGTCAGATTGACTTTCTGCAAGGGCAGGGATGGCATAGGAGATATTCACTAATAGGATGAACGTCGAAGGAGTAAATTGTTTGGAGTAATATTTTAATTCTCCTCCGCATAAAAACGTGCCTGACTAATGCTGACTGGAAATGACGTCATGGGGTGACATCCTGACAAGTATTCGACAGACGCAGAATGGCGACGGCGCACTCAGATTTAGTCCTCTTCTTCCGAGTAAATACTCGTACACCGCAAAGATTGAGGGCATAGGTAAGCGTACAAAATCCGGTGTCATCGACCCAAGTAGAGACTACATGACGGGCCGTGAGGTGATCTGATCTTTGACTCTCCGTAAGGTGTCCCTAGGGGGTTCCCATGGTAACGGATTTGCGCTCAACCCGAAACTCGAACAACATCGAAATGAGTATAACGGTTAGAGGTTAGTGGGGGGTGCGAGTGCGGTGTTCCTACTGTACCCGAAGGATAGTCCTGTTTCATTCATATTGGAGATTACAGCCCCTAGAAGTGAGGGAACACGCCCGAGGCTTTCATGGCTACAGGTCGGGATGTCAGCCCCCTCTAAGGTTGGAAGCAATAGATCACCTATGTTAGATGGCAGCTGATTTCCACCTCCTGCCGAAGGTCCCATTATAGGCATCCCAAGGTGCAGTCGATACCCCAATTGTTCGCCTAGTGGTGGAGTGGCCATCTGTGGGGCATGTCATGAAGAACAGGCCACCTCGGCGACCCAACCTCCACTCAGTCGGTCCGCTGAAGTCTCGGAGCTCTAGTTGACGGAAGGCTTCGGGTTTCTCACCACCTGTCCGTAAGAGACCTGTATTGGTCGCACGCAGGAGGAAGACGGCTTACGATGTGTGGCTAATTCGCGTCCTCATGCCCAGCCATACTATGTTGTGACGCGATGACCTCAGCGGTTAATGCCTCTCCGCCAGTTGGATAGTTCGTTCTGGAAACCTGCAATACATCCTTTCGTGCTTGGCGTCTGATAAGAGTAAGGAACTTATTGAACGTTTACCCATAGCGGGCACTTCAAGTCTGGGCCCGAAGGGAACTCGTGATAGGGGGCGCAATGATATTCTGCTGTCTAAAAGCCACGACAAGGTCTCCACAAGTCAGGACGCCAATCCAACTAAATACTGCCGAAATGCGAGAATTCGTGCCCCCACGCACGTTCTAGGCGAGCGTTGGCGTCAGAAATACGTAAGACTGGTGGACTTTGAACAGGCAACGGGCAGCGACTATCGATAAAGTAAATCCCGCGATAGAAGTTACATCTCTTAGCCTCAGAGACTCATACCGGGCGTATCCGGTACGTCATCGCCATGGACCATTCCGGTAAGTCCATATCATATCGAACAGCCTTTACTACTGGAAACCCATCTTCCAGTACATGTCCGGAAATGGGACAATAGAAAACTGCGGTGCGTGAGCCTACTATAGTGTATCCCGGTATAGATTGGTGCTCAGGCAAAAGAGCTCTACGAGACAACGTCGACAGAGACAGGCGATCGTACGAGCGAGTAGGCATCACCTGCGGTGTTTGGACTATGTGAGGAGCATCAGGTCGTCTCTAAAGTATCGACTCTTCGTATTAGGCATCCACTCAAAATGAACCTTGCCCACGTCTCCTCCATCTCAGAGGATATGTCACGTCTGCCTACCTGAATGCCGACTGATTCGTCTACAACCACTAATACGGACGTAGTCTCCTCAAGAGTTACAGGTTAGATCCTTACCCATAATATCGGACAATCGTATCGGGTGGTGGTTAAGCGTCGGCGAGCTGTGGTTCAGTGCGATAGGGTTAACCCGCGTGTTCAACGCCCGGGCACAAGAAGTGAACTAGGCGTCTCGGTCCCGGAGGGTTGGATCCATTTACCATCGAGTACGAATTATGACTCCCTAAGTAATACCAAAAGGCCTAACCGGGCCAGGGCCCGTATCGCACCGACGCTCTGGGGTCCGCCTAGAGGTTGACCGCACGACAGGCCTCCTCCTATAGGCGGTTCCGCGTCGGACTACTATCGTCTGGTGTAAGACACTAAGCTCGAATCGACCACACGTAGATTATTTACGATCATGGTCGCTAGGGACCAGCTGTACAAGCTCGTAAACTTAACCTAGTCAGTATTTTGGACCTTTCAGGTGTACGCCGGAATTGAATTGTGGGCTTCAGCGAGCGATGTCCTTATTTAGCAATTCACGCACGGCGTACTCATATCGCTATAAGCGTGTCCGACCTAAGTGCGTTGGGCACTCCGTTCCTGAAAATGTTTTTCGCTGAATCTGGTGTAACCTGCGCGGCGGCATCTTATGAACATTAACCCGCGTCCAGGACGTAAGGATTCCGCACCCTAAGGAAACCGGGTCCGCTTATCAGTATCAGCTCATTGGAGGTTGAAACATTGCTTCCATCATGTCAAATGGTGCGGGAGCGTAGGCTCGTTCAAGGATCAAAGCCGCATGGTCGCCTGCTCTCTAGTTTCAAACTGTTAATAGGAAAACCGTGTACTATTAGAGGGTGGAATCCAAAGCCTTGTAGGGCATATAAGAGGGAAATTCTTTTTCCGGTGCTTAACCCAATGACTCCCTCCGGATAGCCTCACTAAATTCTGGCGATACAACTACTCGTTCGGGATTCTATTGCCTTCCGGATGGTTCCCTGTGCCTATAAGTTCGTTAACGGTGTACCTCGAACAGAATAAAAGTCCACCATGGAAATGGGATTCTCGGAGTGCTCCAGAATGATCTGTTAGCAGCTACGCCGCTGGTACTTCGTAATCCATTAAAGCGGTTTAGACTGCCAACTCCTCCGTGCGCAACAGATAGCCTCAACAATTTACGCCATCTGAGCGGACAGCATTTGATAAGGAATGTACATCACCGGGACTCCTTTTGTGGGAGTGCGGCACGGACGCGTTATGCCGAGTTCTCTAGCTACCCTGGCTAGAGAACCTAGGAGTGCACGTTCGTTTTGAACCCTAAACGTCCGATGCGACCCTTGAGTCGCAAACTGTGTAACATGCCGGCGGTGGGTAAAGTTATCTCTGGGATAGGTCTGAGCTCGCGAAAAAAGTCGCATCCGGGCATGGCTTGCCCAACTGTGGACCATTGCACAATAGCGAAACAGGCATGCGTTAAGTCACACCACAGACCTTGGAATTAGGGCGATGGCGTACCACACCTTATCGTGGAGCCCACCAAGAGAGCAAAAGTCATTAACGATCAATTTTGTAACAGATCTAATTGGATGGAG'
After copying and pasting the string into your script file (make sure to also include the quote at the start and end of the string!), find out which member functions will count (hint hint!) the occurrences of a sub-string in a string.
You’ll need to copy and paste the string twice (once for each counting operation).
Don’t forget to enclose the whole string plus function call in a print statement in order to get output.
Your code should look something like
# Call the count member function on a long (sequence like) string
print("CGCCAATGCGGCAAGGATATGCGAAGTCTGGACTAATTCGGCTGACGTGTCCCTGCTTAGTGGTCTTCCACACTTGCGGATTCAGCCGTAAGTGGCGTATACCTCGTGAGTGCACAAGGCAGATGTGACCTACCGGGGTTTTATCATTAGACTTTTGGGGTGAGCCGGATGACCGATCGAAGCCCGAGTGCAATTGTCTCTCTCGAACGAAGAACGGAGGAGAAAACGTGTGTGGGGGCCTACCGCCATGCACAAACTAGACTGTCACTAAAACCGTGAAGCTACGCTGGCCTCCAGGCGGTATAAACCTTTCGATGTTAACAAGCAAAGAACCAATTCGCGTGAGTAGGCGGGCGTATGGCCCCACGAGCCTTGCACTTGTTTTCGAAATGAATCAGGACGCCTAATTATCAGAGGGAGGAGAAATGAGGCCAGCCAGCGACACTGGTCAAGGTACGGGCGGTCGCTAGTGCCCAACCAAAGGTAAGTTATTGCGATGGTCCAAAAGAAGGCACGTGTGGATACACTCGTTTATGAACGTTTCTACGGCAGATCAGGCCGACCTTCGATAATAACAAGCGGCGGGACGCACGACGGGACTCGCTGTCGGTCAGCTATGGCCATTCCTCGTAGGAGCCGCATCTATCTCGAACTAATTGATAGTTTGGTGTAAGTCCCCTCAGGTGTCACGCAACGAAGATGCGCTGAAGATTACTTTCGCACGGGTCACACGGAAGGAGTACTGTAGGGCGGAAGAGCACCGACTGAGGCCACAATCTCGAAGTACTGTGCTTTCGCTCTAACTCGGCTTACCCGTCTACCTGTCGCCTCCCTAGATCCAAATTGAATCCGCCCCCCGTGCTCTGTGACCCAGGACGTATACGGCGTTTAGGTTGTCCACAGCTAAAAACCAGAAAGCGACCGAGTGTATTCGAAATTTCGGTGGACCTTTCAACCTATAGGTCTTGTCGAATTCACTTGGGAGAACAACGCATGAAATTTGACGGATCGTGCACGTGATATAATGGGACTGCTTAATTGCGCCCCATTTTGGGAGCGCATTTGAACGCAAGCTCTGGGTCCCGCTATATATTAAGAAAAGTATGAAACGTTGTTACCATATCCGCACACTGGGATAGGTACGCAGATTTGTACTTGTATGCGTAACTGATTTTTCCCCTGACGGAGGGTCCGTTCCTCTGAGCCCCCGTCGTGCGATCCTGGGTGGCCACGTCTAAGCTGTCGCGAGCGAACATTATTTATGTTTATCTGCCAGACGAGCTTTGCCTACTTTCGAGGGGATGAAATTTAATTAAGCGATTTGAATATAAGGGGGTTTCATATGCCTAGATTACCTAGTGCGTTTATACAACTATGGTGAATAGAGGAGCAGTCCGAGTTAGAGGACAAACACTTTCGCAGGTGGCAAGTCGCACTAGCGAGTTGATTACGGACCACGAGGTATATTCAGGACATCAATTTTCCTGGGGGGATCATCTCCTCTTACTGTAGCAGCTTTTTTCTCTCCCTGCGGATTCAAAGCCCTTGTTCTGTCGCTGCCATTTAAAGGGAAAGGACTCGGAAGAACAGGTTCAGAGATTGGCAAAGACGGTCTTCTGTGCACTTTGATCATTGTGGCTTGAGGCGGGAGACACGAACGGCGCTAGCGACTCTCATCTACCAGCCTATTATATCCGCTCCCCTGGTTGAGTAAATACCTAATAAGGACTTTTGTCAGATTGACTTTCTGCAAGGGCAGGGATGGCATAGGAGATATTCACTAATAGGATGAACGTCGAAGGAGTAAATTGTTTGGAGTAATATTTTAATTCTCCTCCGCATAAAAACGTGCCTGACTAATGCTGACTGGAAATGACGTCATGGGGTGACATCCTGACAAGTATTCGACAGACGCAGAATGGCGACGGCGCACTCAGATTTAGTCCTCTTCTTCCGAGTAAATACTCGTACACCGCAAAGATTGAGGGCATAGGTAAGCGTACAAAATCCGGTGTCATCGACCCAAGTAGAGACTACATGACGGGCCGTGAGGTGATCTGATCTTTGACTCTCCGTAAGGTGTCCCTAGGGGGTTCCCATGGTAACGGATTTGCGCTCAACCCGAAACTCGAACAACATCGAAATGAGTATAACGGTTAGAGGTTAGTGGGGGGTGCGAGTGCGGTGTTCCTACTGTACCCGAAGGATAGTCCTGTTTCATTCATATTGGAGATTACAGCCCCTAGAAGTGAGGGAACACGCCCGAGGCTTTCATGGCTACAGGTCGGGATGTCAGCCCCCTCTAAGGTTGGAAGCAATAGATCACCTATGTTAGATGGCAGCTGATTTCCACCTCCTGCCGAAGGTCCCATTATAGGCATCCCAAGGTGCAGTCGATACCCCAATTGTTCGCCTAGTGGTGGAGTGGCCATCTGTGGGGCATGTCATGAAGAACAGGCCACCTCGGCGACCCAACCTCCACTCAGTCGGTCCGCTGAAGTCTCGGAGCTCTAGTTGACGGAAGGCTTCGGGTTTCTCACCACCTGTCCGTAAGAGACCTGTATTGGTCGCACGCAGGAGGAAGACGGCTTACGATGTGTGGCTAATTCGCGTCCTCATGCCCAGCCATACTATGTTGTGACGCGATGACCTCAGCGGTTAATGCCTCTCCGCCAGTTGGATAGTTCGTTCTGGAAACCTGCAATACATCCTTTCGTGCTTGGCGTCTGATAAGAGTAAGGAACTTATTGAACGTTTACCCATAGCGGGCACTTCAAGTCTGGGCCCGAAGGGAACTCGTGATAGGGGGCGCAATGATATTCTGCTGTCTAAAAGCCACGACAAGGTCTCCACAAGTCAGGACGCCAATCCAACTAAATACTGCCGAAATGCGAGAATTCGTGCCCCCACGCACGTTCTAGGCGAGCGTTGGCGTCAGAAATACGTAAGACTGGTGGACTTTGAACAGGCAACGGGCAGCGACTATCGATAAAGTAAATCCCGCGATAGAAGTTACATCTCTTAGCCTCAGAGACTCATACCGGGCGTATCCGGTACGTCATCGCCATGGACCATTCCGGTAAGTCCATATCATATCGAACAGCCTTTACTACTGGAAACCCATCTTCCAGTACATGTCCGGAAATGGGACAATAGAAAACTGCGGTGCGTGAGCCTACTATAGTGTATCCCGGTATAGATTGGTGCTCAGGCAAAAGAGCTCTACGAGACAACGTCGACAGAGACAGGCGATCGTACGAGCGAGTAGGCATCACCTGCGGTGTTTGGACTATGTGAGGAGCATCAGGTCGTCTCTAAAGTATCGACTCTTCGTATTAGGCATCCACTCAAAATGAACCTTGCCCACGTCTCCTCCATCTCAGAGGATATGTCACGTCTGCCTACCTGAATGCCGACTGATTCGTCTACAACCACTAATACGGACGTAGTCTCCTCAAGAGTTACAGGTTAGATCCTTACCCATAATATCGGACAATCGTATCGGGTGGTGGTTAAGCGTCGGCGAGCTGTGGTTCAGTGCGATAGGGTTAACCCGCGTGTTCAACGCCCGGGCACAAGAAGTGAACTAGGCGTCTCGGTCCCGGAGGGTTGGATCCATTTACCATCGAGTACGAATTATGACTCCCTAAGTAATACCAAAAGGCCTAACCGGGCCAGGGCCCGTATCGCACCGACGCTCTGGGGTCCGCCTAGAGGTTGACCGCACGACAGGCCTCCTCCTATAGGCGGTTCCGCGTCGGACTACTATCGTCTGGTGTAAGACACTAAGCTCGAATCGACCACACGTAGATTATTTACGATCATGGTCGCTAGGGACCAGCTGTACAAGCTCGTAAACTTAACCTAGTCAGTATTTTGGACCTTTCAGGTGTACGCCGGAATTGAATTGTGGGCTTCAGCGAGCGATGTCCTTATTTAGCAATTCACGCACGGCGTACTCATATCGCTATAAGCGTGTCCGACCTAAGTGCGTTGGGCACTCCGTTCCTGAAAATGTTTTTCGCTGAATCTGGTGTAACCTGCGCGGCGGCATCTTATGAACATTAACCCGCGTCCAGGACGTAAGGATTCCGCACCCTAAGGAAACCGGGTCCGCTTATCAGTATCAGCTCATTGGAGGTTGAAACATTGCTTCCATCATGTCAAATGGTGCGGGAGCGTAGGCTCGTTCAAGGATCAAAGCCGCATGGTCGCCTGCTCTCTAGTTTCAAACTGTTAATAGGAAAACCGTGTACTATTAGAGGGTGGAATCCAAAGCCTTGTAGGGCATATAAGAGGGAAATTCTTTTTCCGGTGCTTAACCCAATGACTCCCTCCGGATAGCCTCACTAAATTCTGGCGATACAACTACTCGTTCGGGATTCTATTGCCTTCCGGATGGTTCCCTGTGCCTATAAGTTCGTTAACGGTGTACCTCGAACAGAATAAAAGTCCACCATGGAAATGGGATTCTCGGAGTGCTCCAGAATGATCTGTTAGCAGCTACGCCGCTGGTACTTCGTAATCCATTAAAGCGGTTTAGACTGCCAACTCCTCCGTGCGCAACAGATAGCCTCAACAATTTACGCCATCTGAGCGGACAGCATTTGATAAGGAATGTACATCACCGGGACTCCTTTTGTGGGAGTGCGGCACGGACGCGTTATGCCGAGTTCTCTAGCTACCCTGGCTAGAGAACCTAGGAGTGCACGTTCGTTTTGAACCCTAAACGTCCGATGCGACCCTTGAGTCGCAAACTGTGTAACATGCCGGCGGTGGGTAAAGTTATCTCTGGGATAGGTCTGAGCTCGCGAAAAAAGTCGCATCCGGGCATGGCTTGCCCAACTGTGGACCATTGCACAATAGCGAAACAGGCATGCGTTAAGTCACACCACAGACCTTGGAATTAGGGCGATGGCGTACCACACCTTATCGTGGAGCCCACCAAGAGAGCAAAAGTCATTAACGATCAATTTTGTAACAGATCTAATTGGATGGAG".count("A"))
print("CGCCAATGCGGCAAGGATATGCGAAGTCTGGACTAATTCGGCTGACGTGTCCCTGCTTAGTGGTCTTCCACACTTGCGGATTCAGCCGTAAGTGGCGTATACCTCGTGAGTGCACAAGGCAGATGTGACCTACCGGGGTTTTATCATTAGACTTTTGGGGTGAGCCGGATGACCGATCGAAGCCCGAGTGCAATTGTCTCTCTCGAACGAAGAACGGAGGAGAAAACGTGTGTGGGGGCCTACCGCCATGCACAAACTAGACTGTCACTAAAACCGTGAAGCTACGCTGGCCTCCAGGCGGTATAAACCTTTCGATGTTAACAAGCAAAGAACCAATTCGCGTGAGTAGGCGGGCGTATGGCCCCACGAGCCTTGCACTTGTTTTCGAAATGAATCAGGACGCCTAATTATCAGAGGGAGGAGAAATGAGGCCAGCCAGCGACACTGGTCAAGGTACGGGCGGTCGCTAGTGCCCAACCAAAGGTAAGTTATTGCGATGGTCCAAAAGAAGGCACGTGTGGATACACTCGTTTATGAACGTTTCTACGGCAGATCAGGCCGACCTTCGATAATAACAAGCGGCGGGACGCACGACGGGACTCGCTGTCGGTCAGCTATGGCCATTCCTCGTAGGAGCCGCATCTATCTCGAACTAATTGATAGTTTGGTGTAAGTCCCCTCAGGTGTCACGCAACGAAGATGCGCTGAAGATTACTTTCGCACGGGTCACACGGAAGGAGTACTGTAGGGCGGAAGAGCACCGACTGAGGCCACAATCTCGAAGTACTGTGCTTTCGCTCTAACTCGGCTTACCCGTCTACCTGTCGCCTCCCTAGATCCAAATTGAATCCGCCCCCCGTGCTCTGTGACCCAGGACGTATACGGCGTTTAGGTTGTCCACAGCTAAAAACCAGAAAGCGACCGAGTGTATTCGAAATTTCGGTGGACCTTTCAACCTATAGGTCTTGTCGAATTCACTTGGGAGAACAACGCATGAAATTTGACGGATCGTGCACGTGATATAATGGGACTGCTTAATTGCGCCCCATTTTGGGAGCGCATTTGAACGCAAGCTCTGGGTCCCGCTATATATTAAGAAAAGTATGAAACGTTGTTACCATATCCGCACACTGGGATAGGTACGCAGATTTGTACTTGTATGCGTAACTGATTTTTCCCCTGACGGAGGGTCCGTTCCTCTGAGCCCCCGTCGTGCGATCCTGGGTGGCCACGTCTAAGCTGTCGCGAGCGAACATTATTTATGTTTATCTGCCAGACGAGCTTTGCCTACTTTCGAGGGGATGAAATTTAATTAAGCGATTTGAATATAAGGGGGTTTCATATGCCTAGATTACCTAGTGCGTTTATACAACTATGGTGAATAGAGGAGCAGTCCGAGTTAGAGGACAAACACTTTCGCAGGTGGCAAGTCGCACTAGCGAGTTGATTACGGACCACGAGGTATATTCAGGACATCAATTTTCCTGGGGGGATCATCTCCTCTTACTGTAGCAGCTTTTTTCTCTCCCTGCGGATTCAAAGCCCTTGTTCTGTCGCTGCCATTTAAAGGGAAAGGACTCGGAAGAACAGGTTCAGAGATTGGCAAAGACGGTCTTCTGTGCACTTTGATCATTGTGGCTTGAGGCGGGAGACACGAACGGCGCTAGCGACTCTCATCTACCAGCCTATTATATCCGCTCCCCTGGTTGAGTAAATACCTAATAAGGACTTTTGTCAGATTGACTTTCTGCAAGGGCAGGGATGGCATAGGAGATATTCACTAATAGGATGAACGTCGAAGGAGTAAATTGTTTGGAGTAATATTTTAATTCTCCTCCGCATAAAAACGTGCCTGACTAATGCTGACTGGAAATGACGTCATGGGGTGACATCCTGACAAGTATTCGACAGACGCAGAATGGCGACGGCGCACTCAGATTTAGTCCTCTTCTTCCGAGTAAATACTCGTACACCGCAAAGATTGAGGGCATAGGTAAGCGTACAAAATCCGGTGTCATCGACCCAAGTAGAGACTACATGACGGGCCGTGAGGTGATCTGATCTTTGACTCTCCGTAAGGTGTCCCTAGGGGGTTCCCATGGTAACGGATTTGCGCTCAACCCGAAACTCGAACAACATCGAAATGAGTATAACGGTTAGAGGTTAGTGGGGGGTGCGAGTGCGGTGTTCCTACTGTACCCGAAGGATAGTCCTGTTTCATTCATATTGGAGATTACAGCCCCTAGAAGTGAGGGAACACGCCCGAGGCTTTCATGGCTACAGGTCGGGATGTCAGCCCCCTCTAAGGTTGGAAGCAATAGATCACCTATGTTAGATGGCAGCTGATTTCCACCTCCTGCCGAAGGTCCCATTATAGGCATCCCAAGGTGCAGTCGATACCCCAATTGTTCGCCTAGTGGTGGAGTGGCCATCTGTGGGGCATGTCATGAAGAACAGGCCACCTCGGCGACCCAACCTCCACTCAGTCGGTCCGCTGAAGTCTCGGAGCTCTAGTTGACGGAAGGCTTCGGGTTTCTCACCACCTGTCCGTAAGAGACCTGTATTGGTCGCACGCAGGAGGAAGACGGCTTACGATGTGTGGCTAATTCGCGTCCTCATGCCCAGCCATACTATGTTGTGACGCGATGACCTCAGCGGTTAATGCCTCTCCGCCAGTTGGATAGTTCGTTCTGGAAACCTGCAATACATCCTTTCGTGCTTGGCGTCTGATAAGAGTAAGGAACTTATTGAACGTTTACCCATAGCGGGCACTTCAAGTCTGGGCCCGAAGGGAACTCGTGATAGGGGGCGCAATGATATTCTGCTGTCTAAAAGCCACGACAAGGTCTCCACAAGTCAGGACGCCAATCCAACTAAATACTGCCGAAATGCGAGAATTCGTGCCCCCACGCACGTTCTAGGCGAGCGTTGGCGTCAGAAATACGTAAGACTGGTGGACTTTGAACAGGCAACGGGCAGCGACTATCGATAAAGTAAATCCCGCGATAGAAGTTACATCTCTTAGCCTCAGAGACTCATACCGGGCGTATCCGGTACGTCATCGCCATGGACCATTCCGGTAAGTCCATATCATATCGAACAGCCTTTACTACTGGAAACCCATCTTCCAGTACATGTCCGGAAATGGGACAATAGAAAACTGCGGTGCGTGAGCCTACTATAGTGTATCCCGGTATAGATTGGTGCTCAGGCAAAAGAGCTCTACGAGACAACGTCGACAGAGACAGGCGATCGTACGAGCGAGTAGGCATCACCTGCGGTGTTTGGACTATGTGAGGAGCATCAGGTCGTCTCTAAAGTATCGACTCTTCGTATTAGGCATCCACTCAAAATGAACCTTGCCCACGTCTCCTCCATCTCAGAGGATATGTCACGTCTGCCTACCTGAATGCCGACTGATTCGTCTACAACCACTAATACGGACGTAGTCTCCTCAAGAGTTACAGGTTAGATCCTTACCCATAATATCGGACAATCGTATCGGGTGGTGGTTAAGCGTCGGCGAGCTGTGGTTCAGTGCGATAGGGTTAACCCGCGTGTTCAACGCCCGGGCACAAGAAGTGAACTAGGCGTCTCGGTCCCGGAGGGTTGGATCCATTTACCATCGAGTACGAATTATGACTCCCTAAGTAATACCAAAAGGCCTAACCGGGCCAGGGCCCGTATCGCACCGACGCTCTGGGGTCCGCCTAGAGGTTGACCGCACGACAGGCCTCCTCCTATAGGCGGTTCCGCGTCGGACTACTATCGTCTGGTGTAAGACACTAAGCTCGAATCGACCACACGTAGATTATTTACGATCATGGTCGCTAGGGACCAGCTGTACAAGCTCGTAAACTTAACCTAGTCAGTATTTTGGACCTTTCAGGTGTACGCCGGAATTGAATTGTGGGCTTCAGCGAGCGATGTCCTTATTTAGCAATTCACGCACGGCGTACTCATATCGCTATAAGCGTGTCCGACCTAAGTGCGTTGGGCACTCCGTTCCTGAAAATGTTTTTCGCTGAATCTGGTGTAACCTGCGCGGCGGCATCTTATGAACATTAACCCGCGTCCAGGACGTAAGGATTCCGCACCCTAAGGAAACCGGGTCCGCTTATCAGTATCAGCTCATTGGAGGTTGAAACATTGCTTCCATCATGTCAAATGGTGCGGGAGCGTAGGCTCGTTCAAGGATCAAAGCCGCATGGTCGCCTGCTCTCTAGTTTCAAACTGTTAATAGGAAAACCGTGTACTATTAGAGGGTGGAATCCAAAGCCTTGTAGGGCATATAAGAGGGAAATTCTTTTTCCGGTGCTTAACCCAATGACTCCCTCCGGATAGCCTCACTAAATTCTGGCGATACAACTACTCGTTCGGGATTCTATTGCCTTCCGGATGGTTCCCTGTGCCTATAAGTTCGTTAACGGTGTACCTCGAACAGAATAAAAGTCCACCATGGAAATGGGATTCTCGGAGTGCTCCAGAATGATCTGTTAGCAGCTACGCCGCTGGTACTTCGTAATCCATTAAAGCGGTTTAGACTGCCAACTCCTCCGTGCGCAACAGATAGCCTCAACAATTTACGCCATCTGAGCGGACAGCATTTGATAAGGAATGTACATCACCGGGACTCCTTTTGTGGGAGTGCGGCACGGACGCGTTATGCCGAGTTCTCTAGCTACCCTGGCTAGAGAACCTAGGAGTGCACGTTCGTTTTGAACCCTAAACGTCCGATGCGACCCTTGAGTCGCAAACTGTGTAACATGCCGGCGGTGGGTAAAGTTATCTCTGGGATAGGTCTGAGCTCGCGAAAAAAGTCGCATCCGGGCATGGCTTGCCCAACTGTGGACCATTGCACAATAGCGAAACAGGCATGCGTTAAGTCACACCACAGACCTTGGAATTAGGGCGATGGCGTACCACACCTTATCGTGGAGCCCACCAAGAGAGCAAAAGTCATTAACGATCAATTTTGTAACAGATCTAATTGGATGGAG".count("AT"))
The output should be :
1259
304